Literature from the "ancient DNA'' field has shown that highly degraded samples contain populations of intact DNA molecules that are severely restricted in size (1-4). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of highly degraded skeletal remains is often used for forensic identification due largely to the high genome copy number per cell. Key words: Short Tandem Repeats (STR), Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR), AMG, F13, VWF, Purpose of forensic study though the technique needs to be refined. DNA amplifiedįrom all five samples of double swab technique matched positively with DNA obtained from saliva andĬonclusion: Double swab technique can be used for isolating DNA from deposited saliva samples for the Results: We found that using the DNA recovered from double swab technique F13 could be amplified in allĥ samples (100%) saliva samples deposited on skin, AMG, D4S and APO B genes could be amplified in 80%,Ħ0% and 40% samples respectively whereas vWF gene failed to amplify in any of the sample. DNA was obtained from blood and direct salivary samples of the same volunteers and was used toĬompare the gene amplifications obtained by double swab technique. DNA extraction was done using phenol chloroform method and PCR was used forĪmplification of 5 genes.
Materials and method: Saliva from five volunteers was deposited on human skin and recovered using theĭouble swab technique. Swab technique has been shown to increase the amount of salivary DNA recovered from skin when comparedĪim and objective: To recover DNA from saliva deposited on human skin by double swab method andĪmplification of microsatellites and minisatellites from the recovered DNA. Recovered and typed from bite marks, cigarette butts, postage stamps, envelopes and other objects. Saliva may be found on victims of several violent crimes and it has been shown that it can also be potentially Support to research and development on biotechnology would suffer if their effort succeeded in urging the government to make a misinformed decision on policies concerning biotechnology.
They are very visible and articulate in various forums intended to discuss issues on biotechnology outputs. There are groups in the country which abhor biotechnology, particularly the use of GMOs. As an important tool, it has wide applications in agri-industry as it offers opportunities and promising economic potential for enhancing productivity and developing competitive products. Biotechnology can be adopted and has been identified as one of the solutions to address these growing concerns.
With the burgeoning human population on an exponential rise, there is a dire need for a new paradigm to encourage agricultural sustainability. Across all subpopulations, FST ranged from -0.7888 to 0.0450 suggesting that genetic differentiation existed between Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnic populations in Malaysia.Īs early as 1979, the Philippine Government envisioned that biotechnology would play a pivotal role in solving the long-standing problems on agricultural sustainability, incurable diseases, and climate change. The average heterozygosity across loci was higher in Indian (0.3275) than Malay (0.2941) and Chinese (0.2795) whereas the average heterozygosity across ethnic groups varied from 0.4350 in SB22777 to 0.4716 in HS4.32. The mean of Alu insertion frequencies was 0.5534 in Malay, 0.5342 in Chinese and 0.6313 in Indian. All loci studied were polymorphic except for HS4.75 and SB23467. The amplified products were detected and separated in 2% gel electrophoresis. An attempt was made by amplifying Alu loci from the genomic DNA. DNA from buccal swab was extracted using chloroform/isoamyl alcohol extraction method. Six human specific Alu loci (HS2.43, HS4.32, HS4.75, HS4.65, SB22777 and SB23467) were studied in a buccal sample of 73 unrelated individuals. Some of these sequences were inserted, such that the presence or absence of the insertion is polymorphic. Once inserted in certain loci, these sequences apparently do not suffer any loss or rearrangement. They are identical-by-descent, essentially homoplasy-free and inexpensive to genotype using a variety of approaches. Alu insertion can be defined as a family of repetitive element approximately 300 base pairs long, which has more than 500,000 copies distributed throughout the genome.